I-Micromobility Revolution: Amathuba Enqola Yegalofu Ekuhambeni Kwasemadolobheni eYurophu nase-United States

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-micromobility yenza izinguquko ezinkulu, futhi izinqola zegalofu zivela njengesixazululo esithembisayo sokuhamba amabanga amafushane emadolobheni. Le ndatshana ihlaziya ukusebenza kwezinqola zegalofu njengethuluzi lezokuthutha zasemadolobheni emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe, isizakala ngokukhula ngokushesha kwesidingo somhlaba wonke (ukuthengiswa kwezimakethe zomhlaba wonke sekufinyelele cishe amayunithi angama-215,000 ngo-2024, ephakeme kakhulu kunamayunithi acishe abe ngu-45,000 ngo-2020) kanye nesimo sokuguga kwabantu (inani labantu emhlabeni wonke elineminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-62, ikakhulukazi eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-62, eYurophu lizofinyelela eminyakeni engama-20 edlule. eNyakatho Melika nasezingxenyeni zase-Asia).

1. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezidingo Zemakethe
A. "I-Last Mile" Ukuxhumana Emiphakathini YaseNtshonalanga

- Imiphakathi yasebathatha umhlalaphansi: Isibonelo, *I-Village* eFlorida, e-U.S.A., isebenzise kakhulu izinqola zegalofu njengendlela eyinhloko yokuhamba. Izinqola zegalofu ziyindlela yokuthutha ekhethwayo kubahlali bale miphakathi ngenxa yejubane labo eliphansi, ukuphepha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

- Ezokuvakasha nezokuthutha zasekhampasi: Izindawo eziningi zokungcebeleka (ezifana ne-Sun City e-Arizona) namanyuvesi (njengeNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego) asebenzise izinqola zegalofu zokuthutha zangaphakathi nezokuthutha. Lo mkhuba ukhombisa ukwanda kwesidingo sezimoto ezihlangene, ezikhipha i-zero, futhi kuze kube umkhuba.

B. Amathuba aqhutshwa yinqubomgomo
- Ukuphumula okungokomthetho: E-Texas naseFlorida, uhulumeni uye wandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezihamba ngesivinini esiphansi (LSVs) njengezinqola zegalofu, okuzivumela ukuthi zihambe emigwaqweni enejubane elingu-35 mph, okwenza indawo ekahle yokuduma kwalezi zimoto.
- Izinzuzo zezimoto zikagesi: I-EU Green Deal kanye nemithetho yemoto yaseCalifornia ekhipha i-zero emission ihambisana nezici zemvelo zamakalishi wegalofu, isheshisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinqola zegalofu kwezokuthutha zasemadolobheni.

2. Ukuthuthukiswa Kokuphepha Nokuthobelana
- Izici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe: Ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zethrafikhi yasemadolobheni, izinqola zegalofu eziningi zinemiklamo yokuphepha ehlanganisiwe efana nezibani ze-LED, amabhande ezihlalo kanye namafreyimu aqinisiwe, ahlangabezana nezinga le-FMVSS 500 futhi angavikela kangcono ukuphepha kwabashayeli nabagibeli.
- Ukuqamba okusha kwebhethri: Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium kuthuthukise kakhulu ububanzi bezinqola zegalofu, ezingasekela amamayela angu-50-70 wokushayela ngokushajwa ngakunye, futhi kusekele ibhethri elinamandla ongazikhethela lona, ​​linciphise “ukukhathazeka kobubanzi” babasebenzisi.

3. Isibonelo: Izinqola Zegalofu Eziklanyelwe Amadolobha AseYurophu
A. I-Compact Urban Design
- Ukwakhiwa Kabusha Kwemigwaqo Emincane: E-Barcelona, ​​eSpain, kwasetshenziswa isivivinyo sezinqola zegalofu ezincane ezingamamitha angu-1.2 ububanzi ukuze kungene futhi kuphume esifundeni esingokomlando, kudambise kakhulu inkinga yokuminyana kwezimoto.
- Inguqulo Yezimpahla: Inkampani yezokuthutha e-Netherlands isebenzisa inqola yegalofu eyenziwe ngokwezifiso ngokukhethekile ukulethwa kwephakheji “kwamamitha angu-500 okugcina,” yehlisa ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwamaloli adizili ngo-40%, yonga amandla nokunciphisa ukungcola, nokuthuthukisa izinzuzo zemvelo.

B. Imodeli Yokubhalisa
Inkampani eqashisa ngezimoto e-London yethule insizakalo yokuqasha njalo ngehora izinqola zegalofu ezindaweni ezikhipha umoya omncane, ikakhulukazi kubavakashi nabagibeli lapha, ihlinzeka ngezinketho zokuhamba eziguquguqukayo neziluhlaza kwezokuthutha zasemadolobheni, okuphinde kuthuthukise kakhulu umsindo nokungcola endaweni.

4. Isibikezelo Sekusasa
Ezinye izikhungo zibikezela ukuthi ngo-2030, imakethe yezokuthutha ezincane emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-US $ 500 wezigidigidi, kanti izinqola zegalofu zizobalelwa ku-15% wesabelo semakethe kulezo zindawo ezingaphansi kwedolobha kanye nemiphakathi yabantu abathatha umhlalaphansi.

Isiphetho
Izinqola zegalofu zinekusasa elithembisayo ngale kwezinkundla zegalofu, zinikeza isixazululo esisebenzayo sokuthutha amadolobha abhekene nabantu asebekhulile kanye nezidingo zemvelo. Ukuze kwandiswe leli khono, abakhiqizi kufanele bagxile ekuthobeleni imithetho, ukukhiqizwa kwendawo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile.

Abakhiqizi bangaqala ngamaphrojekthi okulinga emiphakathini yabantu asebathatha umhlalaphansi nasezikhungweni zezivakashi, futhi basebenzisane nezinkundla zokwabelana ngokugibela ukuze basebenzise la mathuba ukuze baqhubeke nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinqola zegalofu kwezokuthutha zasemadolobheni.