Ngokuthandwa kakhulu kwemibono yokuhamba okuluhlaza kanye nentuthuko esimeme, izinqola zegalofu zikagesi sezibe yindawo ebalulekile yokusekela izinkundla zegalofu emhlabeni wonke. Njengenhliziyo "yemoto yonke, ibhethri linquma ngqo ukukhuthazela, ukusebenza kanye nokuphepha. Kusukela ebhethrini lokuqala le-lead-acid kuya ebhethrini elijwayelekile le-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) lamanje, ukuvela kobuchwepheshe kuthuthukise kakhulu ulwazi lokusetshenziswa kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenqola yegalofu. Lesi sihloko sizogxila ezinzuzweni ze-LiFePO4 uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri endabuko e-lead-acid maqondana nokuphepha, impilo yomjikelezo, ubuningi bamandla, ukuzivumelanisa nokushisa kanye nesivinini sokushaja.
Ukulinganiselwa kwamabhethri e-lead-acid
Amabhethri e-lead-acid ayesetshenziswa kabanzi ezinqoleni zegalofu ngenxa yezindleko zawo eziphansi kanye nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe. Kodwa-ke, anama-bottlenecks amaningi: asinda futhi athatha isikhala esiningi, okuholela ekunciphiseni ulwazi lokulawula lwemoto yonke; anezidingo eziphezulu zokulungisa futhi adinga ukugcwaliswa njalo ngamanzi acwengekile, ngaphandle kwalokho athambekele ekufakweni kwe-sulfur futhi afinyeze impilo yawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, impilo yomjikelezo wamabhethri e-lead-acid ivame ukuba cishe izikhathi ezingu-300-500, futhi ukushintshwa njalo kwandisa izindleko zokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside.
Izinzuzo zamabhethri e-LiFePO4
Ukuphepha
Amabhethri e-LiFePO4 anokuqina okuphezulu kakhulu kokushisa kanye namakhemikhali, awathambekeli ekushiseni noma ekushiseni, futhi anobungani nemvelo futhi awanobuthi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile njengokushisa okuphezulu noma i-short circuit, umkhawulo wokuphepha we-LiFePO4 udlula kakhulu owezinye izinhlelo zebhethri le-lithium, futhi anganikeza iziqinisekiso zokusetshenziswa ezithembeke kakhulu zezinqola zegalofu.
Impilo Yomjikelezo
Impilo yomjikelezo wamabhethri e-LiFePO4 iphakeme kakhulu kuneyamabhethri e-lead-acid. Ngokuvamile, ingaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-2,000, futhi imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ingafinyelela ngisho nezikhathi ezingu-3,000-5,000, okusho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo iminyaka engu-5-10 ngaphansi kwesimo sokukhishwa okujulile kanye ngosuku. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amandla amabhethri e-lead-acid azobola abe ngaphansi kuka-80% womthamo wokuqala ngemva kwemijikelezo engu-500, okudinga ukushintshwa njalo, futhi kwandise kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa kanye nokulahlekelwa yisikhathi sokungasebenzi.
Ubuningi Bamandla
Ubuningi bamandla buyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sobuchwepheshe bebhethri. Ngomthamo ofanayo, isisindo sebhethri le-LiFePO4 cishe siyi-1/3 kuphela yebhethri le-lead-acid, kanti ivolumu cishe iyi-1/2, okunciphisa kakhulu isisindo semoto futhi kuthuthukise ibanga lokushayela kanye nomthamo womthwalo wemoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukujula okuphezulu kokukhishwa kwamandla (i-DoD ingafinyelela ku-80-100%) kwenza izinga lokusetshenziswa kwamandla eliphumelelayo libe phezulu, kuyilapho i-DoD engcono kakhulu yebhethri le-lead-acid ingama-50% kuphela, ichitha amandla amaningi angaba khona.
Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Zokushisa
Endaweni yokushisa okuphansi, ukusebenza kwebhethri le-lead-acid kwehla kakhulu, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kungafinyelela ngaphezu kuka-50%; kuyilapho ibhethri le-LiFePO4 lisengagcina amandla angaphezu kuka-80% kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla kagesi ku--10°C, kanti izinga lokushisa lokusebenza eliphansi elivumelekile lingafinyelela ku--20°C, okuzinzile kakhulu ebusika noma endaweni ebandayo yasenkundleni yezemidlalo yasekuseni.
Amandla Okushaja Okusheshayo
Ibhethri le-LiFePO4 lisekela izinga lokushaja eliphakeme (kufika ku-0.5C noma ngisho no-1C), okunciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokulinda ukushaja futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokushintsha kwemoto. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinga lokushaja elinconywayo lamabhethri e-lead-acid lingu-0.1C–0.2C kuphela, futhi kuvame ukuthatha amahora angu-6-8 ukushaja ngokugcwele, okunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza kwemvamisa ephezulu.
Izindleko Eziphelele kanye Nenani
Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kwamabhethri e-LiFePO4 kuphakeme ngo-30–50% kunokwamabhethri e-lead-acid, ngenxa yokuphila kwawo okuhle kakhulu kanye nezici zokunakekelwa eziphansi, izindleko eziphelele zingagcinwa zifana noma ziphansi ngisho nangaphakathi kweminyaka emi-5. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-LiFePO4 inciphisa imvamisa yamahora okushintsha nokulungisa, futhi izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi (TCO) ezilethwa yiyo zincintisana kakhulu kunezamabhethri e-lead-acid.
Isiphetho
Kusukela ekuphepheni, impilo yomjikelezo, ubuningi bamandla, ukuzivumelanisa nokushisa kuya ekushajeni okusheshayo, amabhethri e-LiFePO4 abonise izinzuzo eziphelele ekusetshenzisweni kwenqola yegalofu. Ngokuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono ubuchwepheshe kanye nokukhiqizwa okukhulu, izindleko zamabhethri e-LiFePO4 zizoqhubeka nokwehla. Esikhathini esizayo, kulindeleke ukuthi ibe umthombo wamandla ojwayelekile wezinqola zegalofu zikagesi ngisho nensimu ebanzi ye-LSV (izimoto ezinejubane eliphansi), okusiza imisebenzi yenkundla yegalofu ukuthi isebenze kahle, iluhlaza futhi iqhubeke.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-08-2025
